Motive system



- May-1v, 1945. R. NARDONE MOTIVE SYSTEM original Filed Nov. 15, 1940 :s sheets-sheet 1 .R www vm L .Q ffl.

May 1v, R M NRDONE4 MOTIVE SYSTEM original Filed Nov. 15, 1940 s sheets-sheet 2 o a D oo N Oo oooo A o ooooow oooo OOOOGQOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOO OOOO'OOO K! n l i f I! INVENToR. Romeo M. Nardo/7e May 1, 1945. R M, NARDONE 2,375,029

MOTIVE` SYSTEM Original Filed Nov. l5, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 o o I O 0 lllllli'lllh o o Z9` o o l INVENTOR.

RNEY.

Patented May 1, 1945 Mo'rIvE SYSTEM Romeo M. Nardone, Westwood, N. J., assignor to Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind., v a corporation of Delaware Application November 13, 1940, Serial No. 365,522, which is a division of application Serial No. 227,598, August 30, 1938. Divided and this applieation October 12, 1942, Serial No. 461,758

3 Claims.

The present invention relates broadly to motive devices and more particularly to a combination constituting an improvedvmotive system of the uid pressure type adapted to be effective under predetermined conditions to deliver iluid pressure in such amount as to produce actuation of the motive device. l

In combination with the motivedevice (motor) there is provided means `for producing,T operating pressure 'for the motor. This means consists of a combustible solid fuel, preferably containing sufficient oxygen to support its own combustion, the combustible solid fuel being responsible for the generation of gases under the heat derived from the combustion of said fuel.

Gases of the general charactergenerated by such fuel are known to have light density, and in order to maintain their expansion and pressure efficiency it is desirable to subjectthem to direct contact with the flames issuing from the burning fuel. In this manner such gases may be said to be superheated, and such superheated gases are desirable in the operation of a system of this character, for gases generated at a point remote to the part to be moved and transferred without superheating to al point adjacent the part to be moved, if they `produced pressure sufficient to move the` said part, would further cool under the expansion permitted by the movingr part, and thereby cause the pressure to fall off appreciably.

As a result of such pressure drop, it occasionally happens that a part of the solid fuel is not fully consumed, and the unconsumed residual may remain as a gritty deposit (chiefly carbon), upon the part to be moved, or sections of its housing and associated apparatus. Objects of this invention include the provision of a means of dislodgng such carbon deposits, so that they may be blown out of the device during the gas exhaust stage of the operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for directing the flow of the` exhaust gas in a manner to insurev a maximum carbon dislodging effect by the utilization of the said exhaust gas as the scavenging agency. In this connection a feature of the invention is the use of a baile plate of novel construction and relationship to both the inner and outer elements of the uid motor to be scavenged.

As a means of reducing to a minimumV the percentage of the solid fuel not `fully consumed in transit from breech to motor, the invention further includes the concept ofV subjecting said solid fuel to a continuous whirling movement against the outer wall of a fuel burning chamber disposed in adjacent tangential relationship to the breech barrel, hence in position to receive the entire charge of solid fuel, said chamber being so constructed as to hold it inclose contact with thehot flame of the initially ignited particles thereof, so that there is thus afforded maximum opportunity for complete combustion before any of the fuel can pass forward toward the remotelypositioned part to be moved, whereby a maximum amount of superheatingof the generated gases occurs in said burning chamber, and` 'the superheat thus created is most effective in preclu'ding possibility of too rapid a heat or pressure drop in the relatively long path of transit which must be traversed by said gases before they reach the part of the motor which is to be moved by said gases as they expand within the working chamber of said motor. An additional advantage is the increased percentage of consumption of the solid fuel, this increased fuel consumption being due, as above noted, to the construction and location of the burning chamber in such manner as to check passage of the fuel to the part to be moved, while at the same time accelerating the combustion thereof.

A further object of the invention is toprovide,

in a fuel motor wherein the scavenging action is facilitated by use of a bae plate of the character indicated, an improved valve construction cooperating with said baiiie plate in a manner to insure maximum effectiveness of the latter during the exhaust stage of operation, said baiile construction being such, however, that it provides no material obstacle vto the full and prompt effectiveness of the incoming pressure fluid,`during the initial state of operationthat is, during the power stroke of the piston, where a pistoll` type offluid motor is employed.

These and other objects of the invention will become apparent from inspection `of the following specification when read with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein is illustrated the preferred `embodiment of the invention. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration only, and are not designed as a deniton of the limits of the invention, reference being had to the appended claims for this purpose.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the therefrom by which the `pressure iluid is conducted toward the unit shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view showing the remainder of the connections for leading pressure fluid to the device to be actuated and including modifications in the structure of the connecting elements;

Fig. 4 is an end view of the motor of Figs. 1 and 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view along line 5--5 of Fig. 4 but showing only the valve or end section of the motor; and

Fig. 6 is an end elevation view of the parts shown in Fig. 5 as viewed from the left of the viewpoint of Fig. 5,

Where the fluid motor is `of the type having a clutch element shiftable to engage, and rotatable to crank an internal combustion engine, as best shown in Fig. 1, the housing of the motor will include a part IIJ having a circumferential flange II for registry with and supported on a mounting flange I2 of the engine crank-case, preferably with the aid of bolts I3. Part I0 also includes a threaded shank I4 to receive cylinder I6 whose inner surface is engaged by the packing yrings I1 and skirt I8 of the piston I9 constituting the part to be moved, and whose outer surface includes a threaded portion 2l to receive the head end 22 of the motor.

Integrated with the piston I9 is a long tube 23 whose bore receives a rod 24 forming part of the exhaust valve assembly 25 governing exhaust of pressure fluid from the cylinder I6. Admission of pressure fluid is by way of the tube 26 (Fig. 3) leading from pressure source 32, 36, and intruding into chamber 21 of the head 2-2, from which chamber the fluid passes to act upon the piston I9. Interposed between the piston I9 and the head 22 is the baffle plate 28 above referred to. As shown, the baille plate is dished to conform generally to the contour of the cylinder engaging side of the head 22, although the pitch of the baille plate is slightly greater than that of the head 22, to produce a narrower opening ktoward the center than at the outer circular edge of the baille, for a purpose referred to hereinafter. The baille plate is centrally apertured to permit valve 25 to pass therethrough, and is eccentrically -apertured, at 29, to allow free passage of the incoming gaseous charge during the power stroke of the pistonthe plate 28 being held in fixed angular relation (as by screws 3l) to the head 22 so that aperture 29 remains at all times in alignment with the inlet chamber 21 and the inlet tube 26.

The means illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 for obtaining the desired operating pressure comprises a firing chamber, or breech, 32, adapted to contain a cartridge (not shown) insertible therein by the pilot or operator of the plane or other vehicle containing the engine to be started; the breech 32 being mounted in the cock-pit or equivalent compartment within easy reach of the operator, hence more or less remote from the engine starting motor I0. Upon ignition of its priming charge, the cartridge releases a quantity of solid fuel particles, or pellets, the combustion of the priming charge being suiliciently explosive in character to cause propulsion of all of said pellets through the breech outlet passage 33 and thence in a continuous, whirling movement laround the burning chamber 36 which, as shown in Fig. 2, has an outlet through the flat perforated disc 3I. In Fig. 3, on the other hand, the outlet is through a. cylindrical grating or grid 3Isaid grating or grid 3| being formed by slotting the end section of tting 31, the said tting 31 being in alignment with the receiving end of conduit 26. The gird 3| of Fig. 2, however, is preferred. With either construction the chamber 36 (or its counterpart 36 of Fig. 3) will receive the entire (charge of solid fuel (in the form of pellets too large to pass through the grid) and hold it in close contact with the hot llame of the initially ignited priming charge, so that there is thus afforded maximum opportunity for complete combustion before any of the fuel becomes sufliciently reduced in size to permit its passing through the grid and being carried along the conduit '26 by the pressure of gases generated and superheated in the chamber 36 (0r 36 as the case may be) by the burning of the fuel therein. Thus there is assured the development of sumcient heat and pressure to offset whatever losses occur during passage through' Conduit 26 and motor inlet chamber 21, and at the same time there is provided a hotter and more efficient burning chamber than can otherwise be obtained, with the result that a higher percentage of the fuel is completely consumed before entering the conduit 26.

As a further impedance to the entry of unburned, fuel into the chamber 21 of the motor, there may be provided a supplemental grid 3| (Fig. 5) in the form of a perforated cup or pocket to receive any fuel remaining unburned after passage through tube 2'6, but at the'same time allowing free flow therethrough of all the pressure fluid generated by the burning charge.

The pressure chamber 2l and in fact all the space immediately to the right of baille 28 (as viewed in the several figures) communicates directly with the safety device 4I (Fig. 5) of novel construction, involving a disc 42 normally sealing the passage 43, and a ball valve 44 normally seated against the passage 43, but movable therefrom by any pressure sufficiently high to rupture the disc 42. The excess pressure then escapes through vents 46, whereupon spring 41 becomes effective to return ball valve 44 to the closed position, cutting off the escape of the remaining fluid, and thus preserving sufcient pressure in chamber 21 to produce normal operation of the` motor. The pressure of spring 41 is adjustable by turning cap 48 in, or out, along threads 49 of cooperating gland nut 50.

Rectilinear travel of piston I9, induced by the entry of pressure fluid by way of chamber 21 and the aperture 29 in baille plate 28, causes rotation of the engine-engaging clutch element 53, the

' translation from rectilinear to rotative movement being brought about through the agency of the inter-engaging screw threads on sleeves 54 and 55 (Fig. l), the former being advanced longitudinally by the advance of the piston, and the rotation of the sleeve 55 being communicated to the clutch element k53 due to the splined connection 56 therebetween. Spring-.pressed 'balls 51 transmit thrust to sleeve 55, spring 58 and clutch 53 to shift the latter into engagement with engine member 59, to be driven. Following such engagement, which is facilitated by the friction of sealing ring 6I exerted on the outer cylindrical surface of clutch 53, the balls 5l are pressed toward each other by the telescoping action of tube 23 within sleeve 55, caused by the continuing advance of piston I9.

When the advance of piston I9 brings plate 63 (Fig. 1) into engagement with terminal 64 of valve stem 24, the latter is shifted to the left, thereby releasing valve 25 from seating relationship to the head 22 and thus opening a path for exhaust of the piston operating fluid from the cylinder by way of exhaust passages 66 and 61, leading to exhaust pipe 68 (Figs. 1, 4 and 6), the fluid being led to these exhaust passages at relatively high velocity due to the Venturi effect` of the tapering opening between baille 28 and head 22, as heretofore noted. It is this Venturi action which imparts sufficient velocity to the outgoing iiuid tolenable it to act as an effective scavenging agency in the dislodgment of anycarbon previously deposited around the inner surface of the housing, adjacent the periphery of` the baffle 28. During this exhaust action valve 25 is yieldingly held off its seat by engagement of springpressed balls 1I, with circular groove 13 cut in head 22, such engagement being brought about by the above described leftward shift of valve stem 24 as the piston I9 completes its advance stroke. The return stroke ofpiston I9 (induced rby spring 14 acting through parts 16, 11 and 54) occurs while exhaust valve 25 remains off its seat, and said return stroke results in a re-engagement of plate 63 with said valve 25, whereupon said valve is pushed back to the normally seated position shown in Fig. l, against the yielding opposition of balls 1|. This action also returns members 23, 51, 55 and A53 to the positions shown in Fig. l, and the motor is now in condition for receipt of a fresh supply of operating fluid.

This application is a divison of my application No. 365,522, led November 13, 1940which application is in turn a division of my application No. 227,598, iiled August '30, 1938, both now abandoned. l

What is claimed is:

1. The combination in a system for moving a part to be moved comprising a cylinder, an exhaust valve, a piston, means for directing ignited fuel pellets into said cylinder whereby gases generated by the combustion of said ignited ,fuel pellets move said piston, means for opening said exhaust valve, and means in said cylinder for deflecting the fluid therein, during exhaust thereof, into a path tending to embrace the `region of deposit therein of any fuel remaining means in said cylinder for deecting the fluid` A therein, during exhaust thereof, into a path tending to embrace the region of deposit therein of any 'fuel remaining unburned after passage into said cylinder.

3. VMeansfor moving a part to be moved comprising a cylinder, .a piston therein, an exhaust valve, means for directing ignited, partially consumed fuel into said cylinder, wherein the combustion `thereof generates pressure fluid, means for opening said exhaust valve means in said cylinder for deflecting the fluid therein, during exhaust thereof, into a path tending to embrace the region of deposit therein of any fuel supplied thereto, said last-named means including a baffle plate mounted adjacent the exhaust valve in said cylinder, and adapted to direct the fluid toward the cylinder wall and thence along said Wall until expelled past said exhaust valve, means engageable with the cylinder head to yieldingly hold said exhaust valve open during'such fluid expelling action, and means carried by the piston for closing said exhaust valve at the conclusion of the exhaust stroke of the piston.

' ROMEO M. NARDONE 

